UNDERSTANDING CERVICOGENIC HEADACHES

A Physiotherapist’s Guide for Patients - Lauren Smith (Mint Physio)

Most of us have experienced a headache at some point - but did you know that not all headaches actually originate from the head? Some begin in theneck, and these are known as Cervicogenic Headaches.

As a physiotherapist, I often work with patients who have been dealing with persistent headaches, sometimes for years, only to discover that the root of the problem lies in their neck. The good news? Once we identify the cause, there are effective ways to manage and significantly reduce these headaches.

What Is a Cervicogenic Headache?

A cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a type of headache that originates from structures in the upper cervical spine (the top part of your neck). Unlike migraines or tension headaches, cervicogenic headaches are 'referred' pain - meaning the source is in the neck, but the pain is felt in the head.

Common pain patterns include discomfort at the base of the skull, behind the eyes, or around the temples. This happens because the nerves in the upper neck share pain pathways with nerves that supply the head and face.

Common Symptoms of Cervicogenic Headache

People experiencing cervicogenic headaches may notice:

• A steady, non-pulsing pain, often on one side of the head
• Pain that begins in the neck or base of the skull and radiates upward
• Headaches triggered or worsened by certain neck movements or prolonged poor posture
• Stiffness or limited movement in the neck
• Tenderness over the upper neck joints or muscles
• Occasionally, symptoms like light-headedness or dizziness
• These headaches often develop gradually and can last from a few hours to several days.

What Causes Cervicogenic Headaches?

Cervicogenic headaches typically result from dysfunction or irritation in the neck’s joints, muscles, or nerves. Common contributing factors include:

• Previous neck injuries, such as whiplash
• Stress-related muscle tension, especially in the shoulders and neck
• Joint changes like arthritis in the upper cervical spine
• Muscle imbalances or weakness in the neck and upper back
• Prolonged immobile positions, or sedentary habits

How Can Physiotherapy Help?

Physiotherapy plays a key role in both identifying and managing cervicogenic headaches. 

Treatment focuses on addressing the un derlying dysfunction, not just masking the symptoms. A personalised physio plan may include:

1. Hands-On Therapy

Manual techniques such as joint mobilisations and soft tissue massage can help restore movement and reduce tension in the neck and upper back.
These approaches can decrease nerve irritation that contributes to headache symptoms.

2. Targeted Exercise Program

Strengthening key muscles - particularly the deep neck stabilisers and upper back - improves posture and reduces strain on cervical structures.
Mobility and postural exercises can also help prevent future flare-ups.

3. Education and Self-Management

Understanding your condition is empowering. We guide you in recognising triggers, managing flare-ups, and maintaining good movement habits.
Advice may also include ergonomic adjustments - like modifying your desk setup, choosing the right pillow, or changing how your position when using your phone for prolonged periods.
 

Final Thoughts

If you’re dealing with frequent or persistent headaches, know that relief is possible. Cervicogenic headaches often go undiagnosed, but a physiotherapist can assess whether your neck is contributing to your symptoms.

Through a detailed evaluation and a tailored treatment plan, we can help you reduce pain, improve function, and take back control of your health. You deserve to feel comfortable, clear-headed, and confident in your body - and with the right support, you absolutely can.